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KIV2FG4:|e$.}γF7]l=q?R~QN]m&J+ v~qq&N{2A`iP:;5Zm3m3:gϞq{-ǶÑԣeh*MǓ<\vLˉks׿UNJMgKsCf'IkK0G++6ONVZ,jNVY[rTܱhۺn#]]'  xa}:mwiՃo3^HE#M,Li2տ KI6j%@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@A]{7+ Ǵծi i :_)=L;ށkͧYo32Pa"~=枭p)yΰ78ofJȈ2L\O׍LrS*Jn)&rUϯ,}F);\=UejNzgIhJh\h'@ԕc^Nh[%eiewh}wuԩƑɥo)d%+IbZLc(j`k^v\EO>m[hKO#c=Z]kA$sYz&7Y#!h C dv6/{MimgwU69h,:x&Y+km\7icA'4 ^rZi<\bm趙fe#=4\ZB,7#e#PKk+%])=P.Gz]eK刞㳹ux-XG)tfy.{z͛ꐂ-&jš-&Zꐂei2v8贖P1dC\S޺Cxky[2ͻٔϵj6c 6c6aՀ@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@A endstream endobj 22 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 3 0 R /Contents 23 0 R >> endobj 23 0 obj << /Length 4661 >> stream 0.000 0.000 0.000 rg 0.000 0.000 0.800 RG 0.216 w 0 J [ ] 0 d q 450.000 0 0 212.250 34.016 595.624 cm /I3 Do Q BT 34.016 573.414 Td /F1 10.0 Tf [(There is nothing extraordinary about Mary-Joyce Doo Aphane. Nor is there anything extraordinary in most countries )] TJ ET BT 34.016 558.152 Td /F1 10.0 Tf [( about her desire to register a newly-bought property in both her and her husbands names. What is extraordinary is )] TJ ET BT 34.016 542.889 Td /F1 10.0 Tf [(that she still couldnt do that in Swaziland in the 21st century, despite being married in community of property. And )] TJ ET BT 34.016 527.627 Td /F1 10.0 Tf [(what is even more extraordinary is that she took on the out-dated, discriminatory laws in court and won the first time )] TJ ET BT 34.016 512.364 Td /F1 10.0 Tf [(that Swazilands 2005 Constitution has been used as the basis to protect womens rights.)] TJ ET BT 34.016 487.102 Td /F1 10.0 Tf [(True, the Supreme Court technically overturned the decision on appeal but it did not alter the spirit of the ruling that )] TJ ET BT 34.016 471.839 Td /F1 10.0 Tf [(Swazi women married in community of property have the right to register property in their own names as well as their )] TJ ET BT 34.016 456.577 Td /F1 10.0 Tf [(husbands. This might seem like a minor victory but for Swazi women who are still legally regarded as minors in )] TJ ET BT 34.016 441.314 Td /F1 10.0 Tf [(many ways this could mark a major turning point in their long battle for equality.)] TJ ET BT 34.016 416.052 Td /F3 10.0 Tf [(The full report can be downloaded below)] TJ ET BT 34.016 390.789 Td /F1 10.0 Tf [(It all began in November 2008 when Aphane and her husband, Michael Zulu, bought a piece of land in the capital, )] TJ ET BT 34.016 375.527 Td /F1 10.0 Tf [(Mbabane and tried to register it in both their names. Aphane had continued to use her maiden name after their )] TJ ET BT 34.016 360.264 Td /F1 10.0 Tf [(wedding and as they were married in community of property where all their property is combined in a joint estate )] TJ ET BT 34.016 345.002 Td /F1 10.0 Tf [(regardless of whether it was acquired before or after the marriage and regardless of how much each one contributed )] TJ ET BT 34.016 329.739 Td /F1 10.0 Tf [(she believed that she had the right to have her name and her husbands on the title deed.)] TJ ET BT 34.016 304.477 Td /F1 10.0 Tf [(But she didnt or not according to the office of the Registrar of Deeds, which informed them that the property could )] TJ ET BT 34.016 289.214 Td /F1 10.0 Tf [(only be registered in the name of Michael Zulu in accordance with Section 16 \(3\) of the Deeds Registry Act, 1968. This )] TJ ET BT 34.016 273.952 Td /F1 10.0 Tf [(provision is based on Swazilands common law, which still adheres to the view that a woman married in community of )] TJ ET BT 34.016 258.689 Td /F1 10.0 Tf [(property is under the marital power of her husband. In other words, the wife is legally classified as a minor in this )] TJ ET BT 34.016 243.427 Td /F1 10.0 Tf [(instance and her husband becomes the sole administrator of their joint estate.)] TJ ET BT 34.016 218.164 Td /F1 10.0 Tf [(Faced with what appeared to be an unconstitutional provision and a clear case of discrimination based on gender, )] TJ ET BT 34.016 202.902 Td /F1 10.0 Tf [(Aphane instituted legal action against the office of the Registrar of Deeds, the Minister of Justice and Constitutional )] TJ ET BT 34.016 187.639 Td /F1 10.0 Tf [(Affairs and the office of the Attorney General. In her court papers, Aphane argued that the Deeds Registry Act violated )] TJ ET BT 34.016 172.377 Td /F1 10.0 Tf [(her constitutional rights to register property in her maiden name since the Act states that women married in community )] TJ ET BT 34.016 157.114 Td /F1 10.0 Tf [(of property can only register their immovable property in the name of their husbands)] TJ ET BT 34.016 131.852 Td /F1 10.0 Tf [(Aphane sees herself as an accomplished woman, citizen and person and does not believe that her status as Zulus )] TJ ET BT 34.016 116.589 Td /F1 10.0 Tf [(wife should limit her ability to enjoy the rights, privileges and standings enjoyed by others. By going to court, she was )] TJ ET BT 34.016 101.327 Td /F1 10.0 Tf [(simply claiming the right to be treated in the same way as her husband rather than being regarded as an appendage )] TJ ET BT 34.016 86.064 Td /F1 10.0 Tf [(as a minor who cannot exercise adult rights.)] TJ ET BT 34.016 60.802 Td /F1 10.0 Tf [(Interestingly, the government did not even try to fight the case on constitutional grounds. The States lawyer agreed )] TJ ET endstream endobj 24 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 3 0 R /Annots [ 28 0 R 30 0 R 32 0 R 34 0 R 36 0 R 38 0 R 40 0 R 42 0 R 44 0 R 46 0 R 48 0 R ] /Contents 25 0 R >> endobj 25 0 obj << /Length 5381 >> stream 0.000 0.000 0.000 rg 0.000 0.000 0.800 RG 0.216 w 0 J [ ] 0 d BT 34.016 795.664 Td /F1 10.0 Tf [(that section 16 \(3\) of the Deeds Registry Act is prima facie unconstitutional but argued that the court should not )] TJ ET BT 34.016 780.402 Td /F1 10.0 Tf [(remove it from the statute but should instead follow the principle of avoidance. Aphanes lawyer responded that the )] TJ ET BT 34.016 765.139 Td /F1 10.0 Tf [(principle of avoidance does not apply when the aggrieved person cannot get a remedy without a determination of the )] TJ ET BT 34.016 749.877 Td /F1 10.0 Tf [(constitutional issue.)] TJ ET BT 34.016 724.614 Td /F1 10.0 Tf [(The High Court of Swaziland ruled in favour of Aphane and the decision was celebrated by many women in Swaziland )] TJ ET BT 34.016 709.352 Td /F1 10.0 Tf [(and across the region as a huge step towards protecting womens property rights and promoting greater equality. )] TJ ET BT 34.016 694.089 Td /F1 10.0 Tf [(However, the judgment also raised a number of critical questions about whether other women in similar marital )] TJ ET BT 34.016 678.827 Td /F1 10.0 Tf [(regimes and those married under different regimes could use this ruling to claim their own rights.)] TJ ET BT 34.016 653.564 Td /F1 10.0 Tf [(The situation was complicated when the government appealed the judgment and in an unusually speedy finalization )] TJ ET BT 34.016 638.302 Td /F1 10.0 Tf [(of litigation proceedings in Swaziland won the case in the Supreme Court in May 2010, arguing that the High Court )] TJ ET BT 34.016 623.039 Td /F1 10.0 Tf [(had usurped the power of Parliament and appropriated to itself the function of law-making.)] TJ ET BT 34.016 597.777 Td /F1 10.0 Tf [(However, while the Supreme Court upheld the appeal, it also upheld the spirit of the original decision by declaring )] TJ ET BT 34.016 582.514 Td /F1 10.0 Tf [(Section 16 \(3\) of the Deeds Registry Act invalid because it is inconsistent with sections 20 and 28 of the Constitution. )] TJ ET BT 34.016 567.252 Td /F1 10.0 Tf [(But it then suspended this declaration of invalidity for 12 months to give parliament time to pass a law to amend the )] TJ ET BT 34.016 551.989 Td /F1 10.0 Tf [(unconstitutional section.)] TJ ET BT 34.016 526.727 Td /F1 10.0 Tf [(The Supreme Court also authorised the Registrar of Deeds to register immovable property in the joint names of )] TJ ET BT 34.016 511.464 Td /F1 10.0 Tf [(husbands and wives married to each other in community of property while parliament was working on the new )] TJ ET BT 34.016 496.202 Td /F1 10.0 Tf [(legislation. And lastly, the Supreme Court ordered that, if parliament were unable to change the Deeds Registry Act )] TJ ET BT 34.016 480.939 Td /F1 10.0 Tf [(within a year, the Attorney General could ask the court for an extension of time.)] TJ ET BT 34.016 455.677 Td /F1 10.0 Tf [(So what is the current situation? There is no doubt that Section 16 \(3\) is unconstitutional and that Swazi women )] TJ ET BT 34.016 440.414 Td /F1 10.0 Tf [(married in community of property may now register property jointly in their own and their husbands names. But the )] TJ ET BT 34.016 425.152 Td /F1 10.0 Tf [(other ramifications of this historic decision are not so clear. This paper aims to bring some clarity to these broader )] TJ ET BT 34.016 409.889 Td /F1 10.0 Tf [(issues and illustrate how much this decision has changed the status of women in Swaziland.)] TJ ET BT 34.016 384.627 Td /F3 10.0 Tf [(Documentation:)] TJ ET q 12.000 0 0 12.000 34.016 369.574 cm /I5 Do Q 0.000 0.000 0.800 rg BT 47.516 369.364 Td /F3 10.0 Tf [(Open Debate - Historic step towards equality for Swazi women)] TJ ET 0.2 w 0 J [ ] 0 d 47.516 367.776 m 344.256 367.776 l S BT 34.016 353.125 Td /F3 10.8 Tf [(\(http://www.osisa.org/sites/default/files/open_debate_6_-_doo_aphane_v_registrar.pdf\))] TJ ET 0.216 w 0 J [ ] 0 d 34.016 351.410 m 480.531 351.410 l S BT 34.016 336.641 Td /F3 10.0 Tf [(ShareThis)] TJ ET 0.2 w 0 J [ ] 0 d 34.016 335.053 m 82.366 335.053 l S BT 82.366 336.641 Td /F3 10.8 Tf [( \(http://www.osisa.org/open-debate/womens-rights/swaziland/historic-step-towards-equality-)] TJ ET 0.216 w 0 J [ ] 0 d 82.366 334.926 m 557.047 334.926 l S BT 34.016 320.158 Td /F3 10.8 Tf [(swazi-women\))] TJ ET 0.216 w 0 J [ ] 0 d 34.016 318.443 m 107.229 318.443 l S 0.000 0.000 0.000 rg BT 34.016 303.674 Td /F1 10.0 Tf [(tagged in: )] TJ ET 0.000 0.000 0.800 rg BT 80.716 303.674 Td /F3 10.0 Tf [(court)] TJ ET 0.2 w 0 J [ ] 0 d 80.716 302.086 m 105.716 302.086 l S BT 105.716 303.674 Td /F3 10.8 Tf [( \(http://www.osisa.org/keywords/court\))] TJ ET 0.216 w 0 J [ ] 0 d 105.716 301.959 m 304.954 301.959 l S BT 304.954 303.674 Td /F3 10.0 Tf [(discrimination)] TJ ET 0.2 w 0 J [ ] 0 d 304.954 302.086 m 373.304 302.086 l S BT 34.016 287.191 Td /F3 10.8 Tf [(\(http://www.osisa.org/keywords/discrimination\))] TJ ET 0.216 w 0 J [ ] 0 d 34.016 285.476 m 277.070 285.476 l S BT 277.070 287.191 Td /F3 10.0 Tf [(equality)] TJ ET 0.2 w 0 J [ ] 0 d 277.070 285.603 m 314.860 285.603 l S BT 314.860 287.191 Td /F3 10.8 Tf [( \(http://www.osisa.org/keywords/equality\))] TJ ET 0.216 w 0 J [ ] 0 d 314.860 285.476 m 527.911 285.476 l S 0.620 0.620 0.620 rg 34.016 273.144 527.249 0.750 re f 0.000 0.000 0.000 rg BT 34.016 240.934 Td /F1 10.0 Tf [(Beta testing Print generations)] TJ ET endstream endobj 26 0 obj << /Type /XObject /Subtype /Image /Width 16 /Height 16 /Filter /FlateDecode /DecodeParms << /Predictor 15 /Colors 1 /Columns 16 /BitsPerComponent 8>> /ColorSpace /DeviceGray /BitsPerComponent 8 /Length 35>> stream c``U .' 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